Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Clinical Spectrum and Electrophysiological Sub Types: A Local Experience

Authors

  • Faryal Shamim Department of Neurology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore Pakistan
  • Safia bano safia Department of Neurology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore Pakistan
  • Masooma Waqar Department of Neurology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore Pakistan
  • Ahsan Numan Department of Neurology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53685/jshmdc.v4i1.150

Keywords:

Guillain-Barre syndrome, Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculo-neuropathy, Acute sensory axonal neuropathy, Electro diagnostic

Abstract

Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome is uncommon neurological disease that occurs in acute phase as generalized polyradiculo-neuropathy. It has multiple variants some of them being uncommon and rarely encountered.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of Guillain-Barre syndrome variants.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in neurology department, Mayo hospital from July to December 2022. Patients clinically diagnosed as Guillain-Barre syndrome by using Brighton criteria were included. All the patients underwent electro diagnostic procedures and they were categorized into five basic variants i.e., Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculo-neuropathy, acute sensory axonal neuropathy and mixed variety acute polyradiculo-neuropathy.

Results: Out of total 85 patients, males were 56 (65.9%) and 29 (34.1%) were females. Adults were more affected with a mean age of 36±15.3.  Frequency of acute motor axonal neuropathy (35.3%) was high followed by acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (31.8%), mixed variety acute polyradiculo-neuropathy (16.5%), acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculo-neuropathy (12.9%) and acute sensory axonal neuropathy (3.5%) respectively.

Conclusion: Acute motor axonal neuropathy is frequently encountered Guillain-Barre syndrome variant in our setup. Also, the frequency of acute sensory axonal neuropathy and mixed variety acute polyradiculo-neuropathy has increased with a declining trend of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculo-neuropathy.

References

Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ. Guillain-Barré syndrome and variants. Neurol Clin. 2013; 31(2): 491–510.doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2013.01.005

Giacomini PS. Electromyography and Neuromuscular Disorders: Clinical Electrophysiologic Correlations. Mcgill J Med. 2006; 9(2): 173.

Fokke C, Van den Berg B, Drenthen J, Walgaard C, Van Doorn PA, Jacobs BC. Diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome and validation of brighton criteria. Brain. 2014; 137(1): 33-43. doi:10.1093/brain/awt285

Bölükbaşi F, Ersen G, Gündüz A, Karaali-Savrun F, Yazici S, Uzun N, et al. Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Its Variants: Clinical Course and Prognostic Factors. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2019; 56(1): 71-74. doi:10.5 152/npa.2017.18091.

Levin KH. Variants and mimics of Guillain Barré syndrome.Variants and mimics of Guillain Barré syndrome. The Neurologist. 2004; 10(2): 61-74. doi:10.1097/01.nrl.0000 117821.35196.0b

Arends S, Drenthen J, Van den Bergh P, Franssen H, Hadden RDM, Islam B, et al. Electrodiagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome in the International GBS Outcome Study: Differences in methods and reference values. Clin Neurophysiol. 2022; 138: 231-240. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.014.

Khan MW, Hussain A, Zeeshan HM. Electrophysiological Variants of Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS). Med.Forum. 2020; 31(12): 20208.

Yadegari S, Nafissi S, Kazemi NJIjon. Comparison of electrophysiological findings in axonal and demyelinating Guillain-Barre syndrome. Iran J Neurol. 2014; 13(3):138-143.

Zaheer M, Naeem M, Nasrullah M. Electrophysiological pattern of neuropathy in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann King Edward Med coll.2006;12(4).doi:10.2164 9/akemu.v 12i4.961

Shafqat S, Khealani BA, Awan F, Abedin SE. Guillain-Barre syndrome in Pakistan: similarity of demyelinating and axonal variants. Eur J Neurol. 2006; 13(6):662–665. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01071.x

Tian J, Liu X, Zhang K, Cao C, Li T, Li P, et al Electrophysiological subtypes and prognostic factors of Guillain-Barre Syndrome in northern China. Frontiers in Neurol. 2019; 10:714.doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00714

Yadav S, Jain P, Sharma S, Kumar V, Aneja S. Guillain–Barre syndrome in North Indian children: Clinical and serial electrophysiological features. Neurol Ind 2019; 67: 724-727. doi:10.4103/0028-3886. 263191

Hughes RA, Cornblath DR. Guillain-barre syndrome. The Lancet 2005; 366(9497): 1653-1666. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)676 65-9

Ho TW, Mishu B, Li CN, et al. Guillain Barre syndrome in Northern China. Relationship to Campylobacter jejuni infection and anti-glycolipid antibodies. Brain 1995; 118: 597-605. doi:10.1093/brain/118.3.597

Bano S, Sardar Z, Ahmar M, Liaquat S, Shafiq B, Numan A. Clinical spectrum and outcome of guillain-barré syndrome with plasmapheresis. Indian J Med Spec. 2022; 13(4): 226. doi:10.4103/Injms.injms_50_2

Nagasawa K, Kuwabara S, Misawa S, Fujii K, Tanabe Y, Yuki N, et al. Electrophysiological subtypes and prognosis of childhood Guillain Barre syndrome in Japan. Muscle Nerve 2006; 33(6): 766–770. doi:10.1002/mus.20520

Devos D, Magot A, Perrier-Boeswillwald J, Fayet G, Leclair-Visonneau L, Ollivier Y, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome during childhood: Particular clinical and electrophysiological features. Muscle Nerve 2013; 48: 247-251. doi: 10.1002/mu s.23749

Bae JS, Yuki N, Kuwabara S, Kim JK, Vucic S, Lin CS, Kiernan MC. Guillain–barré syndrome in asia. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2014; 85(8): 907-913. doi:10.113 6/jnnp-2013-306212

Kofahi R, Aldabbour B, Aljezawi ME. A Rare Case with New Insights: Pure Sensory Guillain Barre Syndrome with Axonal Features. Int Med Case Rep J. 2020: 543-549. doi:10.2147/IMC RJ.S280255

Siddiqui M, Majid S, Yusuf H, Mateen F. Electrophysiological pattern and predictors of functional outcome of patients with guillain barre syndrome at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2022; 32(3): 364-368. doi:10.29271/jcps p.2022.03.364

Ayaz ul Haq M, Nabi D, Khan MO, Ullah R, Junaid M, Nasarullah HM. Frequency, age, gender distribution, and seasonal variation of Guillain-Barré syndrome in a Province of Pakistan: A Retrospective Study: Prevalence of Guillain-Barre Syndrome. PJMHS. 2023: 207-210. doi:10.5 4393/pjhs.v4i03.565

Downloads

Published

06/27/2023

How to Cite

1.
Shamim F, safia S bano, Waqar M, Numan A. Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Clinical Spectrum and Electrophysiological Sub Types: A Local Experience. J Shalamar Med Dent Coll [Internet]. 2023 Jun. 27 [cited 2024 May 3];4(1):61-6. Available from: https://journal.smdc.edu.pk/index.php/journal/article/view/150

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): January-June 2023

Section

Original Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Faryal Shamim, Safia bano safia, Masooma Waqar, Ahsan Numan

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

 
Copyright are reserved for author under
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

     You are free to:

  • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
  • The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
      Under the following terms:
  • No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.